地面气象站环境变化对气温序列均一性影响   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

吴利红  康丽莉  陈海燕  马仙妹 《气象科技》2007,35(1):152-156

为研究浙江省地面气象站环境变化对气温序列均一性的影响程度,采用测站历史沿革资料,对全省测站环境的时空演变进行了分析。采用距平累加、偏差界限值、F值检验法,对36个代表站的年平均气温序列进行均一性检验,并对非均一性产生的原因进行分析。结果表明:1971~2004年,浙江省测站的地理环境有显著改变;36站中有39%的测站为非均一性,产生非均一性的测站中,迁站原因占57%,环境恶化占36%;测站迁站引起的非均一性多发生在1980年以后;测站迁站时,新旧站址海拔高度差大且地理环境差异显著是造成气温序列非均一性的主要原因,迁站后气温序列较旧址存在偏高或偏低现象,其值对累年平均值有影响。指出了测站在迁移或环境变化过程中应注意的事项,以助于减少气温序列非均一性。  相似文献   

Occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coastal surface microlayer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Guitart C  García-Flor N  Bayona JM  Albaigés J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(2):186-194

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the coastal sea surface microlayer (SML), the sub-surface waters (SSW) and the overlying atmosphere in order to investigate the influence of the SML on contaminant enrichment and air-sea exchange. Samples were collected at two contrasting locations of the NW Mediterranean, one urban influenced (off Barcelona, Spain) and another comparatively clean (off Banyuls-sur-Mer, France). Statistical data analysis confirmed the accumulation of PAHs in the SML with respect to the SSW (20.3+/-9.1 vs. 13.1+/-10.0 ng L(-1) in the dissolved phase; 709+/-207 vs. 158+/-111 ng g(-1) in the particulate phase). This accumulation was higher at the contaminated location (Barcelona station) compared with the more pristine one, with PAH enrichments 1.5 and 4.5 times higher for the dissolved and particulate phases, respectively, indicating that the enrichment of PAHs in the SML is dominated by particle transport processes.  相似文献   

Marine debris review for Latin America and the wider Caribbean region: from the 1970s until now, and where do we go from here?   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ivar do Sul JA  Costa MF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(8):1087-1104

The available literature on marine debris from Latin America and the Wider Caribbean Region was collected and linked, reviewing their methodologies and principal results (quantities, composition and spatial-temporal patterns). The study region comprises 52 coastal countries of which only 14 had registers of works on marine debris. A total of 70 works were available and 69 had their full contents accessed. Brazil dominated the available literature with 70% of the documents. Beaches were the most studied environment, and plastics the prevalent form of contamination in the whole region. The exposure of marine biota (species, type of contact, consequences) was highlighted. The studied region, although still little exploited by this sort of research, shows the same contamination patterns observed world-wide. We also contacted 40 researchers in the area, collecting scientific contributions, opinions and suggestions for improvement of this research field. Further advances and new (urgently needed) lines of research are also discussed.  相似文献   

贵州猫场铝土矿成矿环境分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈华  邓超 《贵州地质》2010,27(3):198-201

黔中隆起后的碳酸盐岩及粘土岩类在长期物理、化学作用下,首先形成红粘土;红粘土进一步风化,而后分解成Al、Fe的氧化物、氢氧化物,在溶坑和溶蚀凹地内初步富集成零星分散的致密状和土状喀斯特型铝土矿,因地形改变再度进入分解破碎,为猫场最终铝土矿的形成提供物质来源—铝土矿碎屑。这些铝土矿碎屑和Al、Fe的氧化物、氢氧化物被地表和地下水以不同形式搬运到猫场十溶蚀湖中,按碎屑、化学、生物沉积规律形成猫场古溶蚀湖沉积铝土矿床。  相似文献   

内蒙古雅布赖盆地红柳沟中侏罗统沉积相及沉积环境研究     

钟福平  钟建华  由伟丰  王勇  张磊  边强  艾合买提江·阿不都热和曼  高玉飞  王金华 《西安地质学院学报》2010,(2):149-154

野外考察发现,雅布赖盆地红柳沟发育一套较完整的中侏罗统扇三角洲沉积地层。其中沉积亚相有扇三角洲平原、扇三角洲前缘及前扇三角洲亚相;沉积微相包括辫状河道、天然堤、决口、沼泽、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相。从沉积构造特征分析可以看出,河道沉积发育于水动力条件较强的沉积环境,扇三角洲前缘河口坝沉积发育于强与弱水动力条件交替出现的沉积环境,而前扇三角洲则在比较稳定的水动力条件下沉积。对野外6个泥岩样品的微量元素化验结果用蜘蛛图解分析处理,得到样品所含微量元素V、Sr、Rb、B相对富集,而Zr、Cr、Ni相对亏损。通过对该地区样品w（Fe^2＋）/w（Fe^3＋）及气候指数计算表明,当时为弱氧化、半干旱的沉积环境。  相似文献   

冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李家华  旷红伟  彭楠  杜玉明  姚江荣 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(3):289-297

为分析碳酸盐岩地球化学特征对地层及层序界线、沉积环境的影响,选取冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组剖面进行了实测。冀北宽城中元古界杨庄组常量、微量元素和碳、氧同位素在纵向上具有特征的演变规律,特别是在岩石地层界线与层序界面附近变化明显。CaO含量从杨庄组一段到二段为21.07%～16.45%,从二段至三段则为16.45%～24.21%,Sr、Ba含量分别从杨庄组底部向上由44.59×10-6突变至98.16×10-6和0.51×10-6至10.45×10-6,δ13C值在0‰～-1.5‰之间变化,δ18O在-3.5‰～-8.5‰之间变化。上述常量、微量元素及碳、氧同位素组成、变化与同时期海平面变化基本一致,表明地球化学特征可作为划分地层界面或层序界面的标志,特别是可以优化地层界线或层序界线。杨庄组CaO/MgO、Sr/Ba及V、Rb、Be、B等组成和演化研究表明,杨庄组形成于干热气候下的近岸浅水环境。  相似文献   

辽东大连金石滩新元古代碳酸盐岩臼齿构造形态及其沉积环境指示意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭楠  旷红伟 《岩石矿物学杂志》2010,29(2):189-198

辽东大连金石滩新元古代兴民村组上部灰岩段发育了一系列形态复杂多样的臼齿构造(Molar-tooth struc-ture,简称MT)。通过野外及室内综合研究鉴别出条带状、短直杆状、蠕虫状、细丝状、圆斑状(气泡状、瘤状)和碎屑状6种主要类型,其中以条带状最为发育。MT发育段主要由含砂屑或粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩、纹层状泥晶灰岩和含泥泥晶灰岩的韵律组成,系多个向上沉积动力减弱、水体变浅的潮下-潮间带沉积旋回序列。兴民村组MT发育的沉积环境具有一定水深和频繁波动的水动力特点,MT形态受宿主岩石性质的影响和控制。MT主要发育在浅潮下带-潮间带下部沉积微相。不同形态的MT及其组合分别宿主于不同的沉积岩相或沉积韵律,表现了MT形态的指相意义。  相似文献   

缝洞型油藏大尺度可视化水驱油物理模拟实验及机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑小敏  孙雷  王雷  易敏  杨大千  董国敏 《地质科技情报》2010,29(2)

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏由于其缝洞组合关系的复杂性,使得储层流体的渗流规律有别于常规油藏。根据某油田奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩的实际情况设计制作了大尺度可视化物理模型,并按照现场实际设计了二注三采的实验井网及注采方案,以应用物理模拟实验来研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的开发特征及油井生产规律。结合实验结果,利用J.Cruz-Hernández建立的数学模型对生产数据进行拟合,以研究缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏中流体的渗流机理,J.Cruz-Hernández数学模型中的空间系数和流动速度对采收率影响较大,提出模型的改进应考虑重力分异作用、溶洞比例等影响因素。  相似文献   

Source apportionment and distribution of atmospheric mercury in urban Beijing,China     

Xiaocheng Zhou  Jianguo Du  Chuanyuan Wang  Sujian Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):182-190

The concentration of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the atmosphere of urban Beijing was measured from October 2003 to September 2004 to investigate the origins and spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric Hg. The mean value of Hg concentration is 17.1 ng·m-3 (n=653). The atmospheric Hg data showed spatial-temporal variations throughout the duration of our observation. The maximum GEM concentration (53.7 ng·m-3) was observed at Gucheng in the western area of urban Beijing. The GEM concentrations increased from the north to the south of the studied area, and were higher in winter than in summer. The highest and lowest monthly averages of GEM concentrations were measured to be 23.3 and 4.1 ng·m-3 in January and July, respectively. In addition, GEM concentrations are higher in the daytime than at night in Autumn and from 14 March to 15 April, but daily GEM variation showed an inverse pattern from 22 April to 22 May. In winter, two peak values of GEM concentrations occurred at 13:30 and 21:30. Daily variation of GEM concentrations in summer was the lowest in the four seasons. Mercury from coal combustion was estimated to be the main source of anthropogenic emissions in Beijing from October 2003 to September 2004. Additionally, Hg emission from natural gas burning was estimated to be another dominant source of atmospheric Hg in Beijing.  相似文献   

Review on physical models of lunar brightness temperature     

Jianqing Feng  Yongliao Zou  Wei Bian  Yongchun Zheng  Chunlai Li 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(2):204-211

Brightness temperature is a main index to reflect the energy of microwave radiation of an object. Using lunar brightness temperature data, physical properties of lunar regolith, such as thickness, heat flow and dielectric permittivity, could be interpreted. There are two methods to study brightness temperature distribution of the moon: the first is used to measure lunar brightness temperature by radio observation or spaceborne microwave radiometers, and the second is used to simulate calculation by the physical model. On the basis of the measurements of lunar brightness temperature in the history, this study analyzed the main physical model of lunar brightness temperature, also including its theory and influence factors. The authors concluded that surface and subsurface temperatures of the moon, dielectric properties and layered structure of lunar regolith were the main factors affecting the global brightness temperature of the moon. These factors should be quantified in detail in the future research.  相似文献